Futuro: be going to
A1 Future: be going to 18 / 50
En resumen
Usa be going to + verbo base para hablar de planes que decidiste antes de ahora, y de predicciones que ya puedes ver venir. La forma es am/is/are + going to + base form.
La regla
Usamos be going to de dos maneras principales:
-
Planes e intenciones — cosas que ya decidiste antes del momento de hablar.
- I’m going to study medicine. (Decidí esto antes.)
- We’re going to paint the kitchen this weekend.
-
Predicciones a partir de pruebas presentes — puedes ver o sentir que algo va a pasar.
- Look at those clouds - it’s going to rain.
- She’s going to have a baby. (Lo puedes ver ahora.)
La primera parte (am/is/are) cambia según el sujeto. El verbo que sigue a going to está siempre en forma base (sin -s, sin -ed, sin -ing).
Para hacer una negativa, añade not a be. Para hacer una pregunta, coloca be antes del sujeto.
| Tipo | Esquema | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Afirmativa | sujeto + be + going to + verbo base | She is going to call you. |
| Negativa | sujeto + be + not + going to + verbo base | She isn’t going to come. |
| Pregunta | be + sujeto + going to + verbo base? | Are you going to help? |
Formas y estructuras
| Sujeto | be | + going to + forma base |
|---|---|---|
| I | am (‘m) | going to leave |
| You / We / They | are (‘re) | going to leave |
| He / She / It | is (‘s) | going to leave |
Con there, be concuerda con el sustantivo que va después: There is going to be a delay. There are going to be delays.
Formas cortas:
| Completa | Forma corta |
|---|---|
| I am going to | I’m going to |
| He is not going to | He isn’t going to / He’s not going to |
| They are not going to | They aren’t going to / They’re not going to |
Las respuestas cortas usan solo be:
| Pregunta | Sí | No |
|---|---|---|
| Are you going to help? | Yes, I am. | No, I’m not. |
| Is he going to drive? | Yes, he is. | No, he isn’t. |
En las oraciones con if y con when, usa el presente simple para el tiempo futuro — We are going to get wet if it rains. We are going to start when everyone is here. Mantén be going to después de if cuando la oración expresa un plan ya decidido: If you are going to sell the piano, tell me first. En una pregunta con when, directa o indirecta, be going to es normal: When are you going to decide? (Más en Condicional cero y primero.)
Ejemplos
| English | Nota |
|---|---|
| I am going to visit my grandmother on Sunday. | Un plan decidido antes de ahora. |
| Watch out - you are going to drop that glass! | Predicción a partir de lo que ves ahora. |
| We are going to move to a new flat next month. | Una intención futura. |
| He isn’t going to finish the work today. | Negativa: not añadido a be. |
| Are they going to buy the car? | Pregunta: be antes del sujeto. |
| The sky is grey; it is going to snow. | Las pruebas de ahora mismo lo indican. |
| She ‘s going to start a new job in July. | Contracción ‘s = is. |
| What are you going to cook tonight? | Pregunta con Wh- + be going to. |
Errores frecuentes
- I going to call him. -> I’m going to call him. — hay que mantener am/is/are.
- She is going to calls you. -> She is going to call you. — usa la forma base, nunca -s.
- He is going to wrote a letter. -> He is going to write a letter. — forma base, no pasado.
- Are you going help? -> Are you going to help? — no omitas to.
- It goes to rain. -> It is going to rain. — es be going to, no go to.
Consejos
- En el habla rápida, going to a menudo suena como «gonna» — eso está bien al oírlo, pero escribe going to completo.
- Si un plan ya está decidido, o puedes ver la prueba ahora, elige be going to. Si decides mientras hablas, usa will (véase la lección 19).
- going to go y going to come son correctos, pero a menudo se acortan: I’m going to the cinema en vez de I’m going to go to the cinema.
- Una palabra de tiempo como tomorrow, next week o tonight suele señalar este futuro.