Demonstrative and possessive pronouns

B1 Les pronoms démonstratifs et possessifs 44 / 52

In short

These pronouns replace a noun you have already mentioned. Demonstrative celui/celle/ceux/celles means “the one(s)”; possessive le mien/le tien/le sien… means “mine/yours/his…”. Both agree in gender and number with the noun they stand for, not with the person speaking.

The rule

In Lesson 9 you learned demonstrative and possessive adjectives (ce livre, mon livre), which sit before a noun. Here the noun disappears and a pronoun takes its place. The pronoun still carries the noun’s gender and number.

celui / celle / ceux / celles

These are the demonstrative pronouns. They mean “the one” / “the ones” and can never stand alone - they must be followed by -ci/-là, a preposition (usually de), or a relative clause.

MasculineFeminine
Singularceluicelle
Pluralceuxcelles
  • Choose the form by the noun replaced: le train -> celui, la voiture -> celle, les livres -> ceux, les photos -> celles.
  • Quel gâteau ? Celui de gauche. (Which cake? The one on the left.)

celui-ci / celui-là, celui de…, celui qui…

Three ways to complete the pronoun:

  • -ci / -là (pointing): -ci = this one (nearer), -là = that one (further). J’hésite entre deux vestes : celle-ci ou celle-là ? In speech -là is by far the more common and often just means “that one” with no contrast.
  • + de (belonging / origin): shows possession or source, replacing an English ‘s or “of”. Ma voiture et celle de mon frère. (My car and my brother’s.)
  • + relative clause (qui / que / dont / où): Prends celui qui te plaît. (Take the one you like.) / Les étudiants et ceux que j’ai rencontrés hier. (The students and the ones I met yesterday.)

Note the neuter forms ce/ceci/cela/ça, which point to an idea rather than a specific noun: Ceci est important. Ça ne me plaît pas. They do not agree in gender.

Possessive pronouns: le mien, le tien, le sien…

These mean mine, yours, his/hers, ours, yours, theirs. They are always made of a definite article (le/la/les) plus a possessive word, and both parts agree with the noun replaced.

  • C’est ton manteau ? Non, c’est le mien. (Is that your coat? No, it’s mine.)
  • Ta chambre est petite, la mienne est grande. (Your room is small, mine is big.)
  • Because the article is part of the pronoun, it contracts with à and de: à + le mien -> au mien, de + les tiens -> des tiens. Je préfère ma méthode à la tienne. (I prefer my method to yours.)

Do not confuse the possessive pronoun le sien (his/hers, standing alone) with the possessive adjective son/sa/ses (before a noun): son livre = his book, but le sien = his (one).

Forms & patterns

Demonstrative pronouns:

Masc. sing.Fem. sing.Masc. plur.Fem. plur.
Baseceluicelleceuxcelles
+ cicelui-cicelle-ciceux-cicelles-ci
+ làcelui-làcelle-làceux-làcelles-là

Possessive pronouns (agree with the thing owned, not the owner):

OwnerMasc. sing.Fem. sing.Masc. plur.Fem. plur.
je (mine)le mienla mienneles miensles miennes
tu (yours)le tienla tienneles tiensles tiennes
il/elle (his/hers)le sienla sienneles siensles siennes
nous (ours)le nôtrela nôtreles nôtresles nôtres
vous (yours)le vôtrela vôtreles vôtresles vôtres
ils/elles (theirs)le leurla leurles leursles leurs

Note the circumflex on le nôtre / le vôtre (pronoun, closed “o”) versus the adjective notre / votre (no accent, before a noun): notre maison vs la nôtre.

Examples

FrançaisEnglish
Voici deux stylos : tu veux celui-ci ou celui-là ?Here are two pens: do you want this one or that one?
Ma valise ressemble à celle de Marie.My suitcase looks like Marie’s.
Les gens qui partent tôt et ceux qui restent…The people who leave early and the ones who stay…
Ce n’est pas mon problème, c’est le tien.It’s not my problem, it’s yours.
Nos enfants jouent avec les leurs.Our children play with theirs.
Ton idée est bonne, mais je préfère la sienne.Your idea is good, but I prefer his/hers.
J’ai oublié mon parapluie, prête-moi le tien.I forgot my umbrella, lend me yours.
De toutes ces photos, celles que j’aime sont ici.Of all these photos, the ones I like are here.

Common mistakes

  • celui rouge -> celui-ci / le rouge - celui cannot be followed directly by an adjective; use -ci/-là, de, or a relative clause instead.
  • la voiture de moi -> la mienne - use a possessive pronoun, not de + stressed pronoun, for ownership.
  • le mien livre -> mon livre (adjective) or le mien (pronoun, alone) - never put a noun after a possessive pronoun.
  • C’est celle de mon frère voiture -> celle de mon frère - the pronoun already stands for voiture; don’t repeat the noun.
  • le notre / le votre -> le nôtre / le vôtre - the pronoun takes a circumflex; only the adjective notre/votre is bare.
  • Je préfère mon vélo à le tien -> Je préfère mon vélo au tien - the article inside the pronoun contracts: à + le tien -> au tien, de + le mien -> du mien, à + les siens -> aux siens.

Tips

  • Two-step choice: first pick gender/number from the noun, then add the ending (-ci/-là, de…, or qui/que…).
  • celui is never alone - if nothing follows it, you probably want ce/ça/cela (a whole idea) instead.
  • -là wins in everyday speech: French rarely bothers with the -ci / -là contrast unless really pointing at two things.
  • Possessive pronoun = article + possessive, so it always shows le/la/les; that article is what contracts to au/du/aux/des.
  • Hear the accent: le nôtre/le vôtre (pronoun) have a closed “o” and a circumflex; notre/votre (adjective) have an open “o” and none.
  • le sien = his OR hers - French agrees with the object owned, so sa voiture -> la sienne whether the owner is male or female.