将来进行时与将来完成时

B1 Future continuous & future perfect 41 / 50

概要

将来进行时（will be + -ing）用于表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，将来完成时（will have + past participle）用于表示在将来某个时间点之前就已经完成的动作。

规则

这三种形式能让你比单纯用 will 更精确地看待将来。

形式结构含义
将来进行时will be + verb-ing将来某一时刻正在进行：This time tomorrow I’ll be flying to Tokyo.
将来完成时will have + past participle在将来某个时间点之前完成：By 2030 they will have finished the bridge.
将来完成进行时will have been + verb-ing持续到将来某个时间点：In June I’ll have been working here for ten years.

将来进行时还有一个很常见的用法：表示一件将来会自然发生的事——不是特意计划或决定的，而是事情本来的进程：I’ll be seeing her at the meeting anyway, so I can pass on the message.

将来完成时回答的是“到那时会完成吗？”这个问题——我们从更远的将来时间点回顾它。将来完成进行时则强调这个动作持续到那个时间点已经进行了多久。

这些形式建立在 will（第 19 课）、进行时（第 8 课）和完成时（第 25 课）的基础上。可以把它们当作略高于 B1／B2 的水平。

形式与结构

将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时
+I’ll be workingI’ll have workedI’ll have been working
-I won’t be workingI won’t have workedI won’t have been working
?Will you be working?Will you have worked?Will you have been working?

提示使用这些形式的时间标志词：

标志词常搭配的形式例句
by + 时间点将来完成时I’ll have read it by Friday.
by the time + 从句将来完成时By the time you arrive, we’ll have eaten.
in + 时间段将来完成（进行）时In two years I’ll have saved enough.
this time next week/year将来进行时This time next week I’ll be lying on a beach.
for + 时长将来完成进行时I’ll have been studying English for five years.

注意：by the time / when / before 后面的形式不变——这个从句里要用现在时，而不是 will：By the time you get here…，before the shop closes……

例句

English说明
At 9 o’clock tonight we will be watching the final.在那个确切的将来时刻正在进行。
Will you be using the car tomorrow?询问已经安排好的事，不带催促意味。
Don’t call at six - I’ll be driving home then.动作正在进行，所以这个人没空。
By next summer they will have built the new station.在那个将来时间点之前已经完成。
By the time the film ends, the kids will have fallen asleep.在另一个将来事件之前完成。
In December she will have lived abroad for a decade.从将来的一个时间点回顾已经完成的一段时间。
Next month I will have been teaching for twenty years.持续到将来某个时间点为止的一段时长。
I’ll be seeing Tom later, so I’ll ask him then.常规的将来事件，事情本来的进程。

常见错误

  • By Friday I will read it. -> By Friday I will have read it.——by + 将来时间点，要用将来完成时，不能用单纯的 will。
  • This time tomorrow I will fly to Rome. -> This time tomorrow I will be flying to Rome.——将来某一时刻正在进行的动作要用进行时。
  • In June I will work here for ten years. -> In June I will have been working here for ten years.——持续到将来某个时间点，需要用 will have been + -ing。
  • By the time you will arrive, we’ll have left. -> By the time you arrive, we’ll have left.——by the time、before、when 后面的时间从句要用现在时，绝不能用 will。
  • I will have finish it. -> I will have finished it.——将来完成时要用过去分词，不用原形。

学习提示

  • 看到 by（一个截止时间）-> 想到将来完成时：“在那之前完成”。
  • 看到一个具体的钟点或 this time tomorrow -> 想到将来进行时：“那时正在进行中”。
  • will be -ing 听起来可能比 will 更礼貌、更中性：Will you be joining us? 这样问计划不会显得咄咄逼人。
  • 在时间连词——when、by the time、as soon as、before、until——后面，去掉 will，用现在时：When you finish, call me.