too / enough / so / such
A2 too / enough / so / such 31 / 50
概要
too 表示“超出你想要的量”（是个问题），enough 表示“数量刚好”（没问题），so / such 用来加强形容词或名词的语气。记住：too 和 very 不是一回事。
规则
too = 超过了必要或想要的量。听起来总像是个问题。
- too + 形容词／副词：It’s too hot. / You drive too fast.
- too much + 不可数名词：too much salt、too much noise
- too many + 可数名词：too many people、too many emails
enough = 正好达到你需要的量（中性或积极的意思）。
- 形容词／副词 + enough（enough 放在后面）：old enough、fast enough、good enough
- enough + 名词（enough 放在前面）：enough money、enough time、enough chairs
too / (not) enough + to 不定式表示结果：
- too tired to walk（= 我走不了，太累了）
- old enough to drive（= 年龄够了，没问题）
- not warm enough to swim（= 不够暖和）
当动作的执行者是别人时，在 to 前面用 for 引出这个人：too heavy for my sister to lift / not warm enough for the children to swim。
so + 形容词／副词，可以加强语气：so tired、so quickly。 such + (a/an) + (形容词) + 名词，用在名词上起同样的作用：such a long day、such nice people。 两者后面常常加一个 that 从句表示结果：so tired that I slept / such a good film that I saw it twice。
too 与 very： very good = 只是语气强（积极意思）。too good = 表示有问题。不要说“The film was too good, I loved it”——要用 very。
形式与结构
| 结构 | 搭配 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| too + 形容词／副词 | 形容词、副词 | This bag is too heavy. |
| too much + 名词 | 不可数名词 | We have too much work. |
| too many + 名词 | 可数名词复数 | There are too many cars. |
| 形容词／副词 + enough | 形容词、副词 | She isn’t tall enough. |
| enough + 名词 | 任何名词 | Do we have enough bread? |
| too……to + 动词 | 结果（否定） | It’s too late to call him. |
| (not)……enough to + 动词 | 结果 | He’s strong enough to lift it. |
| too/enough + for + 人 + to + 动词 | 动作执行者不同的结果 | It was too noisy for us to talk. |
| so + 形容词／副词（+ that） | 形容词、副词 | It was so cold (that) we left. |
| such（+ a/an）（+ 形容词）+ 名词（+ that） | 名词短语 | It was such a good idea. |
例句
| English | 说明 |
|---|---|
| This coffee is too hot to drink. | too + 形容词 + to：这份炎热是个问题 |
| He spoke too quickly for me. | too + 副词：超出了我能跟上的程度 |
| You eat too much sugar. | too much + 不可数名词 |
| There were too many people on the bus. | too many + 可数名词复数 |
| Is she old enough to vote? | 形容词 + enough（放在形容词后面） |
| We don’t have enough chairs for everyone. | enough + 名词（放在名词前面） |
| The test was so easy that I finished early. | so + 形容词 + that 结果从句 |
| It was such a long film that I fell asleep. | such + a + 形容词 + 名词 + that 结果从句 |
常见错误
- I have too many homework. -> I have too much homework.——homework 是不可数名词，所以要用 too much。
- She is enough old to drive. -> She is old enough to drive.——enough 要放在形容词后面。
- He is too tired for walk. -> He is too tired to walk.——表示结果的动词要用 to，绝不能用 for + 动词原形；for 要放在前面，用来引出动作的执行者（too tired for me to walk）。
- It was a so nice day. -> It was such a nice day.——名词前面要用 such (a)，不用 so。
- The hotel was too good, we loved it. -> The hotel was very good, we loved it.——too 表示有问题；表达积极的意思要用 very。
学习提示
- 快速判断法：如果是抱怨或问题，用 too；如果没问题／是积极的，用 enough 或 very。
- 语序记忆窍门：形容词 + enough，但 enough + 名词（good enough 与 enough food）。
- so + 单独的形容词（so nice）；such + 名词词组（such a nice place）。只要有名词，就用 such。
- too much / too many 后面要先看名词：不可数名词 -> much，可数名词复数 -> many（见第 21 课）。