比较级与最高级
A2 Comparatives & superlatives 23 / 50
概要
用比较级比较两个事物(cheaper,more expensive),用最高级从一组事物中挑出一个(the cheapest,the most expensive)。短形容词加 -er / -est;长一点的用 more / most。
规则
形容词的长度决定用哪种形式:
| 形容词类型 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|---|---|---|
| 单音节:cheap、small、fast | + -er: cheaper | the + -est: the cheapest |
| 以 -y 结尾的双音节词:happy、easy | -y -> -ier: happier | the + -iest: the happiest |
| 少数几个双音节词:quiet、simple、narrow、clever | + -er: quieter | the + -est: the quietest |
| 其他双音节及以上的词:expensive、careful | more + 形容词:more expensive | the most + 形容词:the most expensive |
对这一小类词,more quiet 也可以用,但 quieter 是更常见的形式。
用下面这些句型来构成比较句:
- 比较级后面用 than:Tokyo is bigger than Osaka.
- 表示相同/不相同用 (not) as … as:She is as tall as her brother.
- the + 最高级,常搭配 in(地点、群体)或 of(一个集合/时间):the tallest in the class,the best day of the year。
形式与结构
短形容词的拼写变化:
| 拼写规则 | 基础词 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 以 -e 结尾 -> 加 -r / -st | nice | nicer | nicest |
| 短元音 + 1 个辅音字母 -> 双写该辅音字母 | big | bigger | biggest |
| (同上) | hot | hotter | hottest |
| 以 -y 结尾 -> -ier / -iest | happy | happier | happiest |
| 规则的单音节词 | cheap | cheaper | cheapest |
不规则形容词(要牢记):
| 基础词 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|---|---|---|
| good | better | best |
| bad | worse | worst |
| far | further / farther | furthest / farthest |
| little | less | least |
| many / much | more | most |
在比较级前面加 much / far / a bit / a little,让比较的语气更强或更弱:
- This phone is much better.(差别很大)
- Today is a bit colder than yesterday.(差别很小)
两个同时发生的变化:the + 比较级……,the + 比较级……
- The older I get, the happier I am.
- The more you practise, the better you speak.
副词遵循同样的道理,但通常用 more / most:
- Please drive more carefully.
- She works the most efficiently in the morning.
例句
| English | 说明 |
|---|---|
| My new bike is faster than my old one. | 比较级 + than,用于两个事物 |
| This is the cheapest ticket in the shop. | 最高级 + in,用于地点/群体 |
| Your bag is as heavy as mine. | as … as = 相同 |
| The film was not as good as the book. | not as … as = 不如 |
| Summer is hotter here than in the north. | 双写辅音字母:hot -> hotter |
| She feels much better today. | much + 比较级 = 差别很大 |
| He is the most talented singer of them all. | 长形容词:the most + of |
| The more I read, the more I learn. | 联动的比较级 = 一起变化 |
常见错误
- more bigger -> bigger——绝不要把 more 和 -er 形式一起用(不能有双重比较级)。
- more good / the most good -> better / the best——good 是不规则形容词。
- She is taller that me -> taller than me——比较句里用 than,不用 that。
- the most cheap -> the cheapest——单音节形容词用 -est,不用 most。
- as tall than him -> as tall as him——表示相同的句型是 as … as。
学习提示
- 先数音节:1 个音节 -> -er/-est;3 个及以上音节 -> more/most。以 -y 结尾的双音节词通常用 -ier/-iest(easy -> easier),还有一小部分词用 -er/-est(quieter,simpler)。
- 比较级搭配 than;最高级搭配 the(常常还有 in 或 of)。
- than 和 as 后面,口语里用宾格代词听起来很自然(than me);用完整分句(than I am)更正式。
- 把一小份不规则词列表记在卡片上:good/bad/far/little/many。它们从不加 -er 或 more。