比较级与最高级

A2 Comparatives & superlatives 23 / 50

概要

用比较级比较两个事物(cheaper,more expensive),用最高级从一组事物中挑出一个(the cheapest,the most expensive)。短形容词加 -er / -est;长一点的用 more / most。

规则

形容词的长度决定用哪种形式:

形容词类型比较级最高级
单音节:cheap、small、fast+ -er: cheaperthe + -est: the cheapest
以 -y 结尾的双音节词:happy、easy-y -> -ier: happierthe + -iest: the happiest
少数几个双音节词:quiet、simple、narrow、clever+ -er: quieterthe + -est: the quietest
其他双音节及以上的词:expensive、carefulmore + 形容词:more expensivethe most + 形容词:the most expensive

对这一小类词,more quiet 也可以用,但 quieter 是更常见的形式。

用下面这些句型来构成比较句:

  • 比较级后面用 than:Tokyo is bigger than Osaka.
  • 表示相同/不相同用 (not) as … as:She is as tall as her brother.
  • the + 最高级,常搭配 in(地点、群体)或 of(一个集合/时间):the tallest in the class,the best day of the year。

形式与结构

短形容词的拼写变化:

拼写规则基础词比较级最高级
以 -e 结尾 -> 加 -r / -stnicenicernicest
短元音 + 1 个辅音字母 -> 双写该辅音字母bigbiggerbiggest
(同上)hothotterhottest
以 -y 结尾 -> -ier / -iesthappyhappierhappiest
规则的单音节词cheapcheapercheapest

不规则形容词(要牢记):

基础词比较级最高级
goodbetterbest
badworseworst
farfurther / fartherfurthest / farthest
littlelessleast
many / muchmoremost

在比较级前面加 much / far / a bit / a little,让比较的语气更强或更弱:

  • This phone is much better.(差别很大)
  • Today is a bit colder than yesterday.(差别很小)

两个同时发生的变化:the + 比较级……,the + 比较级……

  • The older I get, the happier I am.
  • The more you practise, the better you speak.

副词遵循同样的道理,但通常用 more / most:

  • Please drive more carefully.
  • She works the most efficiently in the morning.

例句

English说明
My new bike is faster than my old one.比较级 + than,用于两个事物
This is the cheapest ticket in the shop.最高级 + in,用于地点/群体
Your bag is as heavy as mine.as … as = 相同
The film was not as good as the book.not as … as = 不如
Summer is hotter here than in the north.双写辅音字母:hot -> hotter
She feels much better today.much + 比较级 = 差别很大
He is the most talented singer of them all.长形容词:the most + of
The more I read, the more I learn.联动的比较级 = 一起变化

常见错误

  • more bigger -> bigger——绝不要把 more 和 -er 形式一起用(不能有双重比较级)。
  • more good / the most good -> better / the best——good 是不规则形容词。
  • She is taller that me -> taller than me——比较句里用 than,不用 that。
  • the most cheap -> the cheapest——单音节形容词用 -est,不用 most。
  • as tall than him -> as tall as him——表示相同的句型是 as … as。

学习提示

  • 先数音节:1 个音节 -> -er/-est;3 个及以上音节 -> more/most。以 -y 结尾的双音节词通常用 -ier/-iest(easy -> easier),还有一小部分词用 -er/-est(quieter,simpler)。
  • 比较级搭配 than;最高级搭配 the(常常还有 in 或 of)。
  • than 和 as 后面,口语里用宾格代词听起来很自然(than me);用完整分句(than I am)更正式。
  • 把一小份不规则词列表记在卡片上:good/bad/far/little/many。它们从不加 -er 或 more。