连词与衔接词

A1 Conjunctions & linking words 20 / 50

概要

连词是用来连接词、短语或句子的小词。最常见的有 and、but、or、so 和 because。

我们用连词来连接意思，而不是写一堆又短又零散的句子。

并列连词连接两个地位相等的部分。每一个都有自己的含义：

词	含义	例句
and	并列（+）	tea and coffee
but	转折	small but strong
or	选择	tea or coffee?
so	结果	It was late, so I went home.
nor	“而不是”（用在否定之后）	He doesn’t smoke, nor does he drink.

当 and、but 或 so 连接两个完整的句子（分句）时，要在它们前面加逗号：

I like tea, but I don’t like coffee. It was raining, so we stayed inside.

从属连词用来加上原因、时间或条件。A1 阶段常见的有：when、after、before、while、because、if、although。

类型	词	例句
时间	when, after, before, while	I called you when I arrived.
原因	because	I’m happy because it’s Friday.
条件	if	If it rains, I’ll stay home.
转折	although	Although it was cold, we went out.

从句可以放在前面，也可以放在后面。如果放在前面，后面要加逗号：

When it rains, I stay inside. > I stay inside when it rains.（不加逗号）

because + 分句（主语 + 动词）与 because of + 名词：

结构	例句
because + 分句	I was late because the train stopped.
because of + 名词	I was late because of the train.

两分句的结构：

English	说明
I have a brother and a sister.	and 连接两个并列的名词（表示并列）。
It is cheap but very good.	but 表示两个意思之间的转折。
Do you want tea or water?	or 表示选择。
I was hungry, so I made a sandwich.	so 表示结果；前面加逗号。
We stayed home because it was raining.	because + 分句表示原因。
We stayed home because of the rain.	because of + 名词（后面不加动词）。
When the film ends, we can talk.	时间从句放在前面，所以后面要加逗号。
Although he is rich, he is not happy.	although 表示转折；每个分句各有一个谓语动词。

I stayed home because of it was raining. -> I stayed home because it was raining.——动词前面要用 because（而不是 because of）。
Although it was late, but we went out. -> Although it was late, we went out.——绝不要把 although 和 but 一起用；只能选一个。
I went home. Because I was tired. -> I went home because I was tired.——because 从句不能单独成句；要把它和主句连在一起。
When it rains I stay in. -> When it rains, I stay in.——时间从句或 if 从句放在前面时要加逗号。
I like coffee but tea. -> I like coffee and tea.——表示并列用 and，表示转折才用 but。

记忆窍门：and 表示并列，but 表示转折，or 表示选择，so = 结果，because = 原因。
每处连接只用一个连词。如果用 Although 或 Because 开头，后面就不要再加 but 或 so。
两个完整的句子相连时用“逗号 + but/so”；连接简短的并列词则不用逗号（black and white）。
像 however、therefore 和 on the other hand 这样更大的连接词意思相近，但更正式——你会在更高的级别遇到它们。