将来时:be going to
A1 Future: be going to 18 / 50
概要
用 be going to + 动词原形 来表示你之前就已经决定好的计划,以及你现在就能看出会发生的预测。结构是 am/is/are + going to + base form。
规则
be going to 主要有两种用法:
-
计划和打算——说话之前就已经决定好的事情。
- I’m going to study medicine.(我之前就决定好了。)
- We’re going to paint the kitchen this weekend.
-
根据眼前迹象做出的预测——你能看到或感觉到某件事即将发生。
- Look at those clouds - it’s going to rain.
- She’s going to have a baby.(你现在就能看出来。)
第一部分(am/is/are)会随主语变化。going to 后面的动词永远用原形(不加 -s,不加 -ed,不加 -ing)。
构成否定式,在 be 后加 not。构成疑问式,把 be 放到主语前面。
| 类型 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定式 | 主语 + be + going to + 动词原形 | She is going to call you. |
| 否定式 | 主语 + be + not + going to + 动词原形 | She isn’t going to come. |
| 问题 | be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? | Are you going to help? |
形式与结构
| 主语 | be | + going to + 原形 |
|---|---|---|
| I | am (‘m) | going to leave |
| You / We / They | are (‘re) | going to leave |
| He / She / It | is (‘s) | going to leave |
用 there 时,be 要和它后面的名词保持一致:There is going to be a delay. There are going to be delays.
缩略形式:
| 完整形式 | 缩略形式 |
|---|---|
| I am going to | I’m going to |
| He is not going to | He isn’t going to / He’s not going to |
| They are not going to | They aren’t going to / They’re not going to |
简答只用 be:
| 问题 | 是 | 否 |
|---|---|---|
| Are you going to help? | Yes, I am. | No, I’m not. |
| Is he going to drive? | Yes, he is. | No, he isn’t. |
在 if 和 when 从句中,表示将来时间要用一般现在时——We are going to get wet if it rains. We are going to start when everyone is here. 当从句陈述的是已经定好的计划时,if 后面保留 be going to:If you are going to sell the piano, tell me first. 在 when 引导的疑问句里,无论是直接疑问句还是间接疑问句,用 be going to 是正常的:When are you going to decide?(详见零条件句与第一条件句。)
例句
| English | 说明 |
|---|---|
| I am going to visit my grandmother on Sunday. | 之前就已经决定好的计划。 |
| Watch out - you are going to drop that glass! | 根据眼前所见做出的预测。 |
| We are going to move to a new flat next month. | 一个将来的打算。 |
| He isn’t going to finish the work today. | 否定式:在 be 后加 not。 |
| Are they going to buy the car? | 疑问式:be 放在主语前面。 |
| The sky is grey; it is going to snow. | 眼前的迹象表明会发生。 |
| She ‘s going to start a new job in July. | 缩略形式 ‘s = is。 |
| What are you going to cook tonight? | Wh- 疑问句 + be going to。 |
常见错误
- I going to call him. -> I’m going to call him.——必须保留 am/is/are。
- She is going to calls you. -> She is going to call you.——要用原形,绝不用 -s。
- He is going to wrote a letter. -> He is going to write a letter.——用原形,不用过去式。
- Are you going help? -> Are you going to help?——不要省略 to。
- It goes to rain. -> It is going to rain.——是 be going to,不是 go to。
学习提示
- 在快速语流中 going to 听起来常常像“gonna”——听到这样没问题,但书写时要写出完整的 going to。
- 如果计划已经定好,或者你现在就能看到迹象,就选 be going to。如果是说话时临时决定的,就用 will(见第 19 课)。
- going to go 和 going to come 都是正确的,但人们常常把它们缩短:用 I’m going to the cinema 代替 I’m going to go to the cinema。
- 像 tomorrow、next week 或 tonight 这样的时间词常常提示要用这种将来时。