将来时:be going to

A1 Future: be going to 18 / 50

概要

用 be going to + 动词原形 来表示你之前就已经决定好的计划,以及你现在就能看出会发生的预测。结构是 am/is/are + going to + base form。

规则

be going to 主要有两种用法:

  1. 计划和打算——说话之前就已经决定好的事情。

    • I’m going to study medicine.(我之前就决定好了。)
    • We’re going to paint the kitchen this weekend.
  2. 根据眼前迹象做出的预测——你能看到或感觉到某件事即将发生。

    • Look at those clouds - it’s going to rain.
    • She’s going to have a baby.(你现在就能看出来。)

第一部分(am/is/are)会随主语变化。going to 后面的动词永远用原形(不加 -s,不加 -ed,不加 -ing)。

构成否定式,在 be 后加 not。构成疑问式,把 be 放到主语前面。

类型结构例句
肯定式主语 + be + going to + 动词原形She is going to call you.
否定式主语 + be + not + going to + 动词原形She isn’t going to come.
问题be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?Are you going to help?

形式与结构

主语be+ going to + 原形
Iam (‘m)going to leave
You / We / Theyare (‘re)going to leave
He / She / Itis (‘s)going to leave

用 there 时,be 要和它后面的名词保持一致:There is going to be a delay. There are going to be delays.

缩略形式:

完整形式缩略形式
I am going toI’m going to
He is not going toHe isn’t going to / He’s not going to
They are not going toThey aren’t going to / They’re not going to

简答只用 be:

问题是否
Are you going to help?Yes, I am.No, I’m not.
Is he going to drive?Yes, he is.No, he isn’t.

在 if 和 when 从句中,表示将来时间要用一般现在时——We are going to get wet if it rains. We are going to start when everyone is here. 当从句陈述的是已经定好的计划时,if 后面保留 be going to:If you are going to sell the piano, tell me first. 在 when 引导的疑问句里,无论是直接疑问句还是间接疑问句,用 be going to 是正常的:When are you going to decide?(详见零条件句与第一条件句。)

例句

English说明
I am going to visit my grandmother on Sunday.之前就已经决定好的计划。
Watch out - you are going to drop that glass!根据眼前所见做出的预测。
We are going to move to a new flat next month.一个将来的打算。
He isn’t going to finish the work today.否定式:在 be 后加 not。
Are they going to buy the car?疑问式:be 放在主语前面。
The sky is grey; it is going to snow.眼前的迹象表明会发生。
She ‘s going to start a new job in July.缩略形式 ‘s = is。
What are you going to cook tonight?Wh- 疑问句 + be going to。

常见错误

  • I going to call him. -> I’m going to call him.——必须保留 am/is/are。
  • She is going to calls you. -> She is going to call you.——要用原形,绝不用 -s。
  • He is going to wrote a letter. -> He is going to write a letter.——用原形,不用过去式。
  • Are you going help? -> Are you going to help?——不要省略 to。
  • It goes to rain. -> It is going to rain.——是 be going to,不是 go to。

学习提示

  • 在快速语流中 going to 听起来常常像“gonna”——听到这样没问题,但书写时要写出完整的 going to。
  • 如果计划已经定好,或者你现在就能看到迹象,就选 be going to。如果是说话时临时决定的,就用 will(见第 19 课)。
  • going to go 和 going to come 都是正确的,但人们常常把它们缩短:用 I’m going to the cinema 代替 I’m going to go to the cinema。
  • 像 tomorrow、next week 或 tonight 这样的时间词常常提示要用这种将来时。