Prepositions with the accusative

A1 Präpositionen mit Akkusativ 15 / 52

In short

A small, fixed group of prepositions - durch, für, gegen, ohne, um, bis, entlang - always takes the accusative, no matter whether there is movement or not. Learn them as one chunk and the noun after them switches to the accusative case.

The rule

After these prepositions the following noun phrase stands in the accusative. The only article that visibly changes is the masculine one: der -> den, ein -> einen. Feminine, neuter and plural articles look the same as in the nominative, so you mostly only “see” the case on masculine nouns and on pronouns (mich, dich, ihn, uns …).

PrepositionMeaningExample
durchthroughdurch den Park
fürforfür dich
gegenagainst / around (a time)gegen die Wand
ohnewithoutohne mich
umaround / at (clock time)um acht Uhr
bisuntil / bybis nächste Woche
entlangalong (follows the noun!)die Straße entlang

Three special points:

  • entlang is a postposition here: it comes after its noun - die Straße entlang (along the street), not entlang die Straße.
  • ohne normally takes a bare noun with no article: ohne Auto, ohne Geld.
  • um meaning “(all the way) around” is normally rounded off by herum after the noun: Der Weg führt um den Teich herum. The noun still takes the accusative, and the final herum is the second half of the frame um … herum.

Forms & patterns

Accusative article forms after these prepositions:

GenderNominativeAccusativeAfter preposition
masculineder / ein Mannden / einen Mannfür den Mann
femininedie / eine Fraudie / eine Fraufür die Frau
neuterdas / ein Kinddas / ein Kindfür das Kind
pluraldie Leutedie Leutefür die Leute

Personal pronouns in the accusative (see lesson 22):

Nom.ichduersieeswirihrsie/Sie
Akk.michdichihnsieesunseuchsie/Sie

Contractions (preposition + das):

Full formContractionExample
für dasfürsfürs Kind
um dasumsums Haus
durch dasdurchsdurchs Fenster

These short forms are normal in speech and writing. There is no contraction with gegen, ohne, bis, entlang.

Examples

DeutschEnglish
Das Geschenk ist für dich.The present is for you.
Wir gehen durch den Park.We walk through the park.
Der Bus fährt um acht Uhr ab.The bus leaves at eight o’clock.
Ich trinke den Kaffee ohne Zucker.I drink the coffee without sugar.
Das Auto fuhr gegen einen Baum.The car drove into a tree.
Bis nächste Woche habe ich Zeit.I have time until next week.
Wir laufen die Straße entlang.We run along the street.
Ich kaufe Blumen fürs Büro.I am buying flowers for the office.

Common mistakes

  • für der Mann -> für den Mann - masculine der becomes den in the accusative.
  • ohne mir -> ohne mich - these prepositions take the accusative pronoun, not the dative.
  • entlang die Straße -> die Straße entlang - entlang follows its noun here.
  • ohne ein Auto -> ohne Auto - ohne usually drops the article.
  • für das Kind (always spelled out) -> fürs Kind - in everyday German the contraction is normal.

Tips

  • Memorise the set as a rhythmic chunk: “durch - für - gegen - ohne - um” (plus bis and entlang). If a preposition is on this list, reach for the accusative automatically.
  • Unlike the two-way prepositions (lesson 23), these never switch case - no motion test needed. Accusative, full stop.
  • Watch the masculine article: that is the one place the case is visible (den/einen).
  • um + clock time = um 8 Uhr; gegen + clock time = approximately that time (gegen 8 Uhr = around 8).