强调句
C1 Cleft sentences for emphasis 49 / 50
概要
强调句（字面意思是“分裂”）把一个简单的意思拆成两个分句，好让你突出其中一条信息。主要有两种类型：it 强调句（It was Anna who called）和 what 强调句（What I need is a holiday）。
规则
像 Anna called 这样的中性句子，每个词的分量大致相等。强调句把其中一个成分推到舞台中央，把其余部分推到背景中。这对对比或更正（It wasn’t me, it was him）以及突出新信息或重要信息都很有用。
1. It 强调句把被强调的部分紧接放在 it + be 后面：
It + be + 焦点 + that / who + （分句的其余部分）
你可以强调主语、宾语、时间或地点——几乎什么都能强调，除了谓语动词本身。
| 中性句子 | It 强调句 | 强调的内容 |
|---|---|---|
| Anna called yesterday. | It was Anna that/who called yesterday. | 人（主语） |
| Anna called Tom. | It was Tom that/who Anna called. | 人（宾语） |
| We met in 2010. | It was in 2010 that we met. | 时间 |
| The noise bothers me. | It’s the noise that bothers me. | 事物 |
| We only found out on Monday. | It was not until Monday that we found out. | 时间（= 在那之前不……） |
人用 who（或 that），事物、时间和地点用 that。动词 be 通常和原句的时态一致（It is… / It was…）。表格最后一行里 not 属于焦点的一部分（not until Monday = “直到那时才……”），所以这里并不是在更正什么，后面也不会跟第二个 it was… 分句——这和 It wasn’t Sam, it was Anna 不同。
2. What 强调句（准强调句） 把 what 从句放在前面，被强调的部分放在 be 后面：
What + （从句）+ be + 焦点
| 中性句子 | What 强调句 |
|---|---|
| I need a holiday. | What I need is a holiday. |
| I like her honesty. | What I like about her is her honesty. |
| We missed the train. | What happened was (that) we missed the train. |
what 后面的动词用单数形式（What I need is…），因为 what 的意思是“……的那件事”。
3. 相关的强调结构和 what 强调句的原理一样，只是把 what 换成一个更具体的名词：
| 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| The thing (that)… is… | The thing that worries me is the cost. |
| The reason (why)… is… | The reason I left was the noise. |
| The place (where)… is… | The place where we stayed was lovely. |
| The person who… is/was… | The person who fixed it was Mia. |
| All (that)… is… | All I want is some peace. |
形式与结构
| 类型 | 结构骨架 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| It 强调句（人） | It + be + 人 + who/that…… | It was the manager who signed it. |
| It 强调句（事物） | It + be + 事物 + that…… | It’s the heat that I can’t stand. |
| It 强调句（时间/地点） | It + be + 时间/地点 + that…… | It was here that it happened. |
| It 强调句（否定） | It + be + not + X，it + be + Y | It wasn’t Sam, it was Anna. |
| It 强调句（疑问） | Be + it + 焦点 + that/who……？ | Was it the manager who signed it? |
| What 强调句（前置） | What + 从句 + be + 焦点 | What we need is more time. |
| What 强调句（事件） | What + happened/matters + be + (that)… | What matters is (that) you tried. |
| The thing/reason/all 强调句 | The N（that/why）…… + be + 焦点 | All you have to do is ask. |
要把 it 强调句变成疑问句，把 it 和 be 倒装：Was it the manager who signed it? 这里只是在问焦点部分——who/that 从句本身仍然被当作既定事实（有人签了字）——如果用的是 wh 疑问词，焦点本身还会提到句首：What is it that you need?
注意：All you have to do is 和 What you should do is 后面，紧跟的动词通常用不带 to 的原形：All you have to do is ask.
例句
| English | 说明 |
|---|---|
| It was Daniel who broke the window, not his brother. | 更正是谁负责的（主语焦点）。 |
| It’s your attitude that I find difficult. | 突出真正的问题所在（事物焦点）。 |
| It was only last week that I heard the news. | 强调时间。 |
| It wasn’t the food, it was the service. | 对比：否定一个选项，肯定另一个。 |
| What surprised me was how calm she stayed. | What 强调句，强调整个想法。 |
| What you need is a good night’s sleep. | 突出建议／新信息。 |
| The reason I’m calling is (that) I need your address. | Reason 强调句引出关键点。 |
| All I did was mention the deadline. | 淡化动作本身（was 后面用不带 to 的原形）。 |
常见错误
- It is Anna who call. -> It is Anna who calls. ——who/that 从句里的动词仍然要和焦点保持一致（Anna = she）。
- What I need are a holiday. -> What I need is a holiday. ——what 是单数，所以要用 is/was。
- It was him who told me.（正式书面语）-> It was he who told me. ／口语可以说 It was him. ——在 be + 定语从句后面，措辞讲究的英语更偏好用主格形式。
- The reason is because I was late. -> The reason is that I was late. ——the reason is 后面要用 that，不用 because。
- Is the noise that bothers me. -> It’s the noise that bothers me. ——it 强调句需要填补性的 it；不能省略。
学习提示
- 问自己：“我真正想强调的是什么？”把那个词紧接放在 It is/was（it 强调句）后面，或者紧接放在 be（what 强调句）后面。
- It 强调句特别适合用来更正别人的说法：It wasn’t me, it was him. What 强调句特别适合用来层层铺垫，引出你要说的重点：What I really wanted was…
- 你可以用 that 来强调时间或地点，但不能强调谓语动词本身：要说 What I did was lose my keys，不说 It was lost that…
- 不要滥用强调句——用一个能让你的观点落地；连用三个就显得累赘。把它们留给真正重要的信息。