疑问句：一般疑问句与特殊疑问句
A1 Questions: yes/no & wh- 13 / 50
概要
构成疑问句，要把助动词（或 be）放到主语前面。大多数一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句需要加上 do / does / did。wh- 疑问词（what、where、when……）放在句子最前面。
规则
疑问句主要有两种类型。
1. 一般疑问句的回答是 yes 或 no。需要把主语和助动词（或 be）倒装（互换位置）。
| 陈述句 | 一般疑问句 |
|---|---|
| You are ready. | Are you ready? |
| She can swim. | Can she swim? |
| You have finished. | Have you finished? |
| They live here. | Do they live here? |
2. 特殊疑问句用来询问具体信息。结构是：疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 实义动词。
| 疑问词 | 助动词 | 主语 | 实义动词 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Where | do | you | live? |
| What | is | she | doing? |
| When | did | they | arrive? |
借助 do 构成否定和疑问：只有在一般现在时和一般过去时里才需要加 do / does / did。其他时态本身已经有助动词了（be、have、can、will……），只需要把它移到句首——不需要再加 do。
对主语提问的疑问句：当疑问词本身就是主语时（也就是你要问的那个东西/人自己发出这个动作），不用 do，词序和陈述句一样：疑问词 + 动词。
| 对主语提问的疑问句 | 对宾语提问的疑问句 |
|---|---|
| Who broke the window? | Who did you see? |
| What happened? | What did you do? |
| Which bus goes there? | Which bus did you take? |
形式与结构
简答里重复的是助动词或 be（绝不是实义动词）。
| 问题 | 是 | 否 |
|---|---|---|
| Are you ready? | Yes, I am. | No, I’m not. |
| Does he work here? | Yes, he does. | No, he doesn’t. |
| Can she drive? | Yes, she can. | No, she can’t. |
| Did they win? | Yes, they did. | No, they didn’t. |
否定疑问句把 n’t 和助动词连在一起，整体移到句首：Aren’t you ready?、Didn’t you see the sign?、Why hasn’t he replied? 两者要连在一起——不能写成 Did not you see the sign?
疑问词
| 词 | 用来询问 |
|---|---|
| what | 事物／动作 |
| who | 人 |
| where | 地点 |
| when | 时间 |
| why | 原因 |
| which | 从一组中选择 |
| whose | 所有者 |
| how | 方式 |
how + 词
| 短语 | 用来询问 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| how much | 不可数的数量／价格 | How much is it? |
| how many | 可数的数量 | How many brothers do you have? |
| how long | 持续时间 | How long does it take? |
| how often | 频率 | How often do you train? |
| how old | 年龄 | How old are you? |
| how far | 距离 | How far is the station? |
带介词的疑问句：当疑问词代替的是介词的宾语时，这个介词保留在陈述句原来的位置——不会跟着疑问词一起移到句首。
| 陈述句 | 问题 |
|---|---|
| You paid for the tickets. | What did you pay for? |
| She works with Tom. | Who does she work with? |
| He arrived on the late train. | Which train did he arrive on? |
把介词提到句首（To whom did you speak?）也是正确的，但语体非常正式。
例句
| English | 说明 |
|---|---|
| Are you a student? | 一般疑问句搭配 be：把 are 移到主语前面。 |
| Do they live near here? | 一般现在时需要 do + 动词原形。 |
| Does she speak French? | 第三人称用 does；实义动词用原形（speak）。 |
| Can you help me, please? | 情态动词 can 直接放到主语前面。 |
| Where do you work? | 疑问词 + do + 主语 + 动词原形。 |
| What is he reading? | 现在进行时本身已经有 is——不需要再加 do。 |
| Who wants some tea? | 对主语提问：who 就是主语，所以不用 do，词序和陈述句一样。 |
| How many people did you invite? | how many + 对宾语提问，所以过去时用 did + 动词原形。 |
常见错误
- Where you live? -> Where do you live?——一般现在时需要 do；助动词不能省略。
- Does she works here? -> Does she work here?——does/did 后面的实义动词要用原形，而不是 -s。
- What you are doing? -> What are you doing?——疑问词后面要把主语和 be 倒装。
- Who did break the window? -> Who broke the window?——对主语提问时不用 do，用正常的动词形式。
- Did you went home? -> Did you go home?——did 后面要用动词原形，而不是过去式。
学习提示
- 助动词只有一条规则：如果句子里已经有 be / have / can / will，直接把它移到句首；如果没有，就加上 do / does / did。
- do / does / did 后面的实义动词永远用原形（go，而不是 goes 或 went）。时态由助动词来体现。
- 遇到对主语提问的疑问句，问自己：“这个疑问词是不是在发出这个动作？”如果是，保持正常词序，去掉 do。
- 疑问词放在句首，但一般疑问句没有疑问词——它们以助动词或 be 开头。