现在进行时(及状态动词)
A1 Present continuous (+ stative verbs) 8 / 50
概要
现在进行时(am/is/are + verb-ing)用于表示正在发生的动作、近期正在进行的事,以及暂时性的情况。有一小类“状态动词”(like、know、want……)通常不用这种形式。
规则
用动词 be(am / is / are)+ 实义动词加 -ing 构成现在进行时:
| 主语 | be | 动词-ing |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | working |
| you / we / they | are | working |
| he / she / it | is | working |
现在进行时用于表示:
- 此刻,说话的这一刻:She’s reading a book right now.
- 近期(最近这段时间,不一定是此刻):I’m studying for an exam this week.
- 暂时性的情况:He’s staying with friends until Friday.
- 正在变化的情况:It’s getting dark. / Prices are rising.
- 将来的安排(已经定好的计划,通常带时间状语):I’m meeting Sam tomorrow.
-ing 的拼写。大多数动词只需加 -ing(play -> playing)。但:
| 规则 | 例词 |
|---|---|
| 去掉不发音的词尾 -e | make -> making, write -> writing, have -> having |
| 重读短元音后要双写词尾辅音字母 | run -> running, sit -> sitting, begin -> beginning |
| -ie 变成 -y + ing | lie -> lying, die -> dying, tie -> tying |
否定句和疑问句通过改变 be 构成(而不是改变实义动词):
| 类型 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 否定式 | 主语 + be + not + -ing | She isn’t working today. |
| 一般疑问句 | be + 主语 + -ing? | Are you coming? |
| 特殊疑问句 | wh- + be + 主语 + -ing? | What is he doing? |
| 否定疑问句 | be + n’t + 主语 + -ing? | Aren’t you coming? |
状态动词。有些动词描述的是一种状态而不是动作,通常不用于进行时:like, love, hate, want, need, know, understand, believe, mean, prefer, own, belong, seem, contain. 要说 I want / I know,不要说 I am wanting / I am knowing。
少数动词在一般时和进行时之间会改变含义:
| 动词 | 一般时(状态) | 进行时(动作) |
|---|---|---|
| have | 拥有:I have a car. | 活动:I’m having lunch. |
| think | 看法:I think it’s nice. | 思考过程:I’m thinking about it. |
| see | 用眼睛看见:I see a bird. | 见面:I’m seeing the doctor tomorrow. |
| taste | 味道:The soup tastes salty. | 品尝的动作:She’s tasting the soup. |
形式与结构
| 形式 | I | he/she/it | you/we/they |
|---|---|---|---|
| 肯定式 | I’m going | she’s going | they’re going |
| 否定式 | I’m not going | she isn’t going | they aren’t going |
| 问题 | Am I going? | Is she going? | Are they going? |
| 否定疑问句 | Aren’t I going?(不是 | Isn’t she going? | Aren’t they going? |
简答:Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.——Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.——Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
例句
| English | 说明 |
|---|---|
| The baby is sleeping, so please be quiet. | 正在发生的动作。 |
| We are learning about volcanoes this term. | 近期,不一定是此刻。 |
| My sister is living in Rome for a year. | 暂时性的情况。 |
| Look - it is starting to rain. | 正在变化的情况。 |
| I’m flying to Madrid on Monday. | 带时间状语的将来安排。 |
| Are you listening to me? | 一般疑问句:把 be 移到句首。 |
| They aren’t watching TV; they’re outside. | 否定式:be + not + -ing。 |
| I want a coffee, please. | 状态动词 -> 用一般现在时,而不是进行时。 |
常见错误
- I am wanting tea. -> I want tea.——want 是状态动词,要用一般现在时。
- She is knowing the answer. -> She knows the answer.——know 是状态动词。
- He is runing fast. -> He is running fast.——要双写辅音字母:run -> running。
- I am makeing dinner. -> I am making dinner.——在 -ing 前去掉不发音的 -e。
- Do you coming tonight? -> Are you coming tonight?——疑问句用 be,而不是 do。
学习提示
- 问自己:“这是现在发生的,还是暂时性的?” -> 用进行时。“这是一种习惯,还是一贯如此?” -> 用一般现在时:I’m wearing a coat(现在)对比 I wear a coat in winter(习惯)。
- 实义动词的词尾从不改变:疑问句和否定句里变化的只有 be。
- 拼写 -ing 时,双写规则要求词尾是一个元音字母加一个辅音字母,并且该音节要重读(所以 begin -> beginning,但 open -> opening)。
- now、right now、at the moment、today、this week、look!、listen! 这样的词常常提示要用现在进行时。