现在进行时(及状态动词)

A1 Present continuous (+ stative verbs) 8 / 50

概要

现在进行时(am/is/are + verb-ing)用于表示正在发生的动作、近期正在进行的事,以及暂时性的情况。有一小类“状态动词”(like、know、want……)通常不用这种形式。

规则

用动词 be(am / is / are)+ 实义动词加 -ing 构成现在进行时:

主语be动词-ing
Iamworking
you / we / theyareworking
he / she / itisworking

现在进行时用于表示:

  • 此刻,说话的这一刻:She’s reading a book right now.
  • 近期(最近这段时间,不一定是此刻):I’m studying for an exam this week.
  • 暂时性的情况:He’s staying with friends until Friday.
  • 正在变化的情况:It’s getting dark. / Prices are rising.
  • 将来的安排(已经定好的计划,通常带时间状语):I’m meeting Sam tomorrow.

-ing 的拼写。大多数动词只需加 -ing(play -> playing)。但:

规则例词
去掉不发音的词尾 -emake -> making, write -> writing, have -> having
重读短元音后要双写词尾辅音字母run -> running, sit -> sitting, begin -> beginning
-ie 变成 -y + inglie -> lying, die -> dying, tie -> tying

否定句和疑问句通过改变 be 构成(而不是改变实义动词):

类型结构例句
否定式主语 + be + not + -ingShe isn’t working today.
一般疑问句be + 主语 + -ing?Are you coming?
特殊疑问句wh- + be + 主语 + -ing?What is he doing?
否定疑问句be + n’t + 主语 + -ing?Aren’t you coming?

状态动词。有些动词描述的是一种状态而不是动作,通常不用于进行时:like, love, hate, want, need, know, understand, believe, mean, prefer, own, belong, seem, contain. 要说 I want / I know,不要说 I am wanting / I am knowing。

少数动词在一般时和进行时之间会改变含义:

动词一般时(状态)进行时(动作)
have拥有:I have a car.活动:I’m having lunch.
think看法:I think it’s nice.思考过程:I’m thinking about it.
see用眼睛看见:I see a bird.见面:I’m seeing the doctor tomorrow.
taste味道:The soup tastes salty.品尝的动作:She’s tasting the soup.

形式与结构

形式Ihe/she/ityou/we/they
肯定式I’m goingshe’s goingthey’re going
否定式I’m not goingshe isn’t goingthey aren’t going
问题Am I going?Is she going?Are they going?
否定疑问句Aren’t I going?(不是 amn’t I)Isn’t she going?Aren’t they going?

简答:Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.——Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.——Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

例句

English说明
The baby is sleeping, so please be quiet.正在发生的动作。
We are learning about volcanoes this term.近期,不一定是此刻。
My sister is living in Rome for a year.暂时性的情况。
Look - it is starting to rain.正在变化的情况。
I’m flying to Madrid on Monday.带时间状语的将来安排。
Are you listening to me?一般疑问句:把 be 移到句首。
They aren’t watching TV; they’re outside.否定式:be + not + -ing。
I want a coffee, please.状态动词 -> 用一般现在时,而不是进行时。

常见错误

  • I am wanting tea. -> I want tea.——want 是状态动词,要用一般现在时。
  • She is knowing the answer. -> She knows the answer.——know 是状态动词。
  • He is runing fast. -> He is running fast.——要双写辅音字母:run -> running。
  • I am makeing dinner. -> I am making dinner.——在 -ing 前去掉不发音的 -e。
  • Do you coming tonight? -> Are you coming tonight?——疑问句用 be,而不是 do。

学习提示

  • 问自己:“这是现在发生的,还是暂时性的?” -> 用进行时。“这是一种习惯,还是一贯如此?” -> 用一般现在时:I’m wearing a coat(现在)对比 I wear a coat in winter(习惯)。
  • 实义动词的词尾从不改变:疑问句和否定句里变化的只有 be。
  • 拼写 -ing 时,双写规则要求词尾是一个元音字母加一个辅音字母,并且该音节要重读(所以 begin -> beginning,但 open -> opening)。
  • now、right now、at the moment、today、this week、look!、listen! 这样的词常常提示要用现在进行时。